Mixed biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions.

Most Candida infections are related to microbial biofilms often formed by the association of different species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between Candida albicans and non-albicans species in biofilms formed in vitro. The non-albicans species studied were:Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. Single and mixed biofilms (formed by clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans species) were developed from standardized suspensions of each strain (10(7) cells/mL), on flat-bottom 96-well microtiter plates for 48 hour. These biofilms were analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL) in Candida HiChrome agar and by determining cell viability, using the XTT 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide colorimetric assay. The results for both the CFU/mL count and the XTT colorimetric assay showed that all the species studied were capable of forming high levels of in vitro biofilm. The number of CFU/mL and the metabolic activity of C. albicans were reduced in mixed biofilms with non-albicans species, as compared with a single C. albicans biofilm. Among the species tested, C. krusei exerted the highest inhibitory action against C. albicans. In conclusion, C. albicans established antagonistic interactions with non-albicans Candida species in mixed biofilms.

Mixed biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions

Abstract Most Candida infections are related to microbial biofilms often formed by the association of different species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between Candida albicans and non-albicans species in biofilms formed in vitro. The non-albicans species studied were:Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata andCandida krusei. Single and mixed biofilms (formed by clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans species) were developed from standardized suspensions of each strain (107 cells/mL), on flat-bottom 96-well microtiter plates for 48 hour. These biofilms were analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL) in Candida HiChrome agar and by determining cell viability, using the XTT 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide colorimetric assay. The results for both the CFU/mL count and the XTT colorimetric assay showed that all the species studied were capable of forming high levels of in vitro biofilm. The number of CFU/mL and the metabolic activity of C. albicans were reduced in mixed biofilms with non-albicans species, as compared with a singleC. albicans biofilm. Among the species tested, C. krusei exerted the highest inhibitory action against C. albicans. In conclusion, C. albicans established antagonistic interactions with non-albicans Candida species in mixed biofilms.

Farmácia Cidadã - qualificação dos serviços e garantia de humanização aos munícipes e colaboradores / Citizen Drugstores - qualification of the services and humanization warranty to residents and emplyoees

O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar o processo de reestruturação da Farmácia do Componente Especializado de Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF) de acordo com os princípios e diretrizes do SUS e em conformidade com Política Nacional de Humanização. A metodologia utilizada foi o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, que trabalha com a integração de atores da gestão, colaboradores e usuários através de reuniões para elaboração dos momentos Explicativo, Normativo, estratégico e Tático Operacional.

Biofilmes heterotípicos formados por c. albicans e espécies não albicans: estudo da interação microbiana e da sensibilidade à terapia fotodinâmica / Heterotypic biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: study of microbial interactions and sensitivity to photodynamic therap

A maioria das infecções por Candida estão relacionadas com biofilmes microbianos, que muitas vezes são formados por associações de diferentes espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as interações entre as diferentes espécies de Candida em biofilmes formados in vitro e verificar a sensibilidade dos biofilmes monotípicos de C. albicans e heterotípicos à terapia fotodinâmica (PDT). Foram estudadas cepas clínicas de C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata e C. krusei. A partir de suspensões padronizadas de cada cepa (107 células/mL), biofilmes monotípicos e heterotípicos (formados por C. albicans e espécies não albicans) foram formados em placas de microtitulação de 96 poços durante 48 horas. A seguir, os biofilmes monotípicos de C. albicans e heterotípicos foram submetidos à PDT com fotossensibilizador eritrosina associado ao diodo emissor de luz (LED) verde. Os biofilmes foram analisados por meio da contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/mL) em HiCrome Candida por 48h e pela viabilidade celular através do ensaio colorimétrico XTT (2 metoxi 4 nitro 5 sulfofenil 5 fenilalanina carbonil 2H tetrazolium hidróxido). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA e teste de Tukey. Tanto na contagem de UFC/mL quanto no ensaio colorimétrico XTT, foi observado que o crescimento de C. albicans em biofilme monotípico e heterotípicos com C. tropicalis e C. glabrata foi semelhante. Entretanto, foi inibido em biofilme heterotípico com C. krusei. Foi demonstrado também que a PDT reduziu a viabilidade celular e a contagem de UFC/mL tanto dos biofilmes monotípicos quanto heterotípicos. Concluiu-se que C. albicans estabeleceu relações favoráveis com C. tropicalis e C. glabrata e relações antagônicas com C. krusei em biofilmes heterotípicos. Além disso, os biofilmes monotípicos e heterotípicos foram sensíveis à PDT mediada por LED e eritrosina

Most Candida infections are related to microbial biofilm, which are often formed by the association of different species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between different species of Candida biofilms in vitro and investigate the sensitivity of C. albicans monotypic biofilms and heterotypic biofilms to photodynamic therapy (PDT). From standardized suspensions of each strain (107 cells/ml), monotypic and heterotypic biofilms (formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species) were developed on flat-bottom 96-well microtiter plates for 48 hours. After that, C. albicans monotypic biofilms and heterotypic biofilms were subjected to PDT with photosensitizer erythrosine associated with green light emitting diode (LED). Biofilms were analysed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/m)l in Candida HiCrome for 48h and by cell viability using the XTT (2 methoxy 4 nitro 5 sulfophenyl 5 phenylamino carbonyl 2H tetrazolium hydroxide) colorimetric assay. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey test. Both in the counting of CFU/ml as in the XTT colorimetric assay, it was observed that the growth of C. albicans in monotypic and heterotypic biofilm with C. glabrata and C. tropicalis was similar. However, it was inhibited in heterotypic biofilm with C. krusei. It was also demonstrated that PDT reduced cell viability and the number of CFU/mL of both monotypic and heterotypic biofilms. It was concluded that C albicans had favorable interaction with C. glabrata and C. tropicalis and antagonistic interaction with C.krusei in heterotypic biofilms. In addition, both of monotypic and heterotypic biofilms were sensitive to LED- and erythrosine-mediated Photodynamic Therapy

Interação entre Escherichia coli e Candida albicans em biofilmes formados in vitro: análise da viabilidade celular por método colorimétrico / Interaction between Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in biofilms formed in vitro: analysis of cell viability by the colorimetric assay

As interações entre fungos e bactérias estão presentes na natureza e têm grande relevância médica e ambiental. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de Escherichia coli sobre os biofilmes de Candida albicans formados in vitro. Foram desenvolvidos biofilmes heterotípicos com a associação de C. albicans e E. coli e biofilmes monotípicos deC. albicans (grupo controle). Foi utilizada uma suspensão padronizada de C. albicans contendo 107 células.mL?1 para formação dos biofilmes. Para analisar os efeitos de E. coli no biofilme de C. albicans, foram testadas diferentes densidades celulares da suspensão de E. coli (107, 106 e 105 células.mL?1). Após 90 minutos e 24 horas da formação do biofilme, a viabilidade celular de C. albicans foi quantificada utilizando-se o ensaio colorimétrico XTT (2 metoxi 4 nitro 5 sulfofenil 5 fenilalanina carbonil 2H tetrazolium hidróxido). Os dados foram submetidos à Análise deVariância ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey, com significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Após 90 minutos da formação do biofilme, observou-se que a viabilidade celular de C. albicans dos biofilmes heterotípicos foi semelhante ao monotípico. A análise de 24 horas demonstrou que a viabilidade celular de C. albicans foi maior no biofilme monotípico emrelação aos biofilmes heterotípicos; entretanto, essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significante. Além disso, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre as densidades celulares de E. coli testadas nos biofilmes heterotípicos. Conclui-se que, dentro dos parâmetros utilizados, E. coli não inibiu a formação de biofilme por C. albicans.

The interactions between fungi and bacteria are present in nature and has medical and environmental importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of interaction between ATCC strains Candida albicans and Escherichia coli through the study of biofilms in vitro. For this study were developed biofilms formed by the association between C.albicans and E.coli and monotypic biofilms of C. albicans (control group). To evaluate the effects of E. coli in biofilms of C. albicans, we tested different cell densities of E.coli suspension (107, 106 and 105 cells.mL?1). After 90 minutes and 24 hours of biofilm formation, cell viability of C. albicans was quantified using the XTT (2 methoxy 4 nitro 5 sulfophenyl 5 phenylamino carbonyl 2H tetrazolium hydroxide) colorimetric assay. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey?s test, with 5% of significance. After 90 minutes of Candidal biofilm formation, we observedthat cell viability of C. albicans heterotypic biofilms was similar to monotypic biofilm (control group). For the analysis of 24 hours, it was found that cell viability of C. albicans was higher in the monotypic biofilm if compared to heterotypic biofilm, however this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, there were no statisticaldifferences between E. coli different cell densities tested in heterotypic biofilms. According to the methods used, we can conclude that E. coli did not inhibit the biofilm formation by C. albicans.